{"id":2700,"date":"2017-03-13T19:28:26","date_gmt":"2017-03-13T03:28:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/fbjia.com\/?p=2700"},"modified":"2019-10-12T02:50:06","modified_gmt":"2019-10-11T18:50:06","slug":"%e8%af%bb%e4%b9%a6%e7%ac%94%e8%ae%b0%ef%bc%9a%e3%80%8a%e5%ad%a4%e7%8b%ac%e7%97%87%e5%a9%b4%e5%b9%bc%e5%84%bf%e6%97%a9%e6%9c%9f%e5%bc%80%e5%a7%8b%e4%b8%b9%e4%bd%9b%e6%a8%a1%e5%bc%8f%ef%bc%9a%e4%bf%83-6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/fbjia.com\/index.php\/archives\/2700.html","title":{"rendered":"\u8bfb\u4e66\u7b14\u8bb0\uff1a\u300a\u5b64\u72ec\u75c7\u5a74\u5e7c\u513f\u65e9\u671f\u5f00\u59cb\u4e39\u4f5b\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a\u4fc3\u8fdb\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u53c2\u4e0e\u300b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0\u7b2c\u4e00\u8282"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u672c\u6587\u6e90\u5f15\u81ea\u201c\u6885\u77e5\u201d\u8001\u5e08\u65b0\u6d6a\u535a\u5ba2<\/span>\u8bfb\u4e66\u7b14\u8bb0\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u300a\u5b64\u72ec\u75c7\u5a74\u5e7c\u513f\u65e9\u671f\u5f00\u59cb\u4e39\u4f5b\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a\u4fc3\u8fdb\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u53c2\u4e0e\u300b<\/p>\n

Early Start Denver Model for Young Children with Autism:Promoting Language,Learning,and Engagement.<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0\u00a0\u65e9\u671f\u5f00\u59cb\u4e39\u4f5b\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08ESDM\uff091\u2014\u2014DESM\u57fa\u7840<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e00\u6bb5\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u8bf4\u660e\u4f5c\u8005\u5f00\u53d1ESDM\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u4f9b\u5bc6\u96c6\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6700\u5c0f\u523012\u4e2a\u6708\u5927\u5b66\u6b65\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u6027\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u5e72\u9884\u3002\u2014\u2014\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u9644\u5f55A\uff1aESDM\u8bfe\u7a0b\u5927\u7eb2\uff0c\u5171\u67094\u4e2a\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u5e74\u9f84\u4e3a9-12\u4e2a\u6708\u3002\u4e24\u8005\u6709\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e3a\u4f55\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n

ESDM\u662f\u4e39\u4f5b\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0824-60\u4e2a\u6708\u7684\u5b64\u72ec\u75c7\u5b66\u9f84\u524d\u513f\u7ae5\uff09\u7684\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u8c03\u6574\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u672c\u4e66\u4e2dESDM\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8ba8\u8bba3\u5c81\u4ee5\u4e0b\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u5e72\u9884\uff1b\u800cDM\u5219\u8ba8\u8bba\u6574\u4e2a\u5b66\u9f84\u524d\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f3-4\u5c81\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6bb5\u518d\u6b21\u5f3a\u8c03ESDM\u6839\u690d\u4e8e\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\u4e2d\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fc7\u7684\u5a74\u513f-\u5b66\u6b65\u513f\u7ae5\u5b66\u4e60\u5f53\u524d\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b64\u72ec\u75c7\u5bf9\u65e9\u671f\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u63a5\u7740\u8bf4ESDM\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u51cf\u5c11\u5b64\u72ec\u75c7\u75c7\u72b6\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u52a0\u5feb\u513f\u7ae5\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u7684\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\uff1a\u8ba4\u77e5\u3001\u793e\u4f1a-\u60c5\u7eea\u548c\u8bed\u8a00\u9886\u57df\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6700\u540e\u8bf4\u660e\u672c\u7ae0\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5373\uff1aESDM\u7684\u6982\u8ff0\uff0cESDM\u5982\u4f55\u5b8c\u6210\u5b83\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u5df2\u77e5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e0e\u5dee\u522b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001ESDM\u7684\u57fa\u7840<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/a>\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u4e39\u4f5b\u6a21\u5f0f<\/p>\n

\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u7f57\u6770\u65af\u548c\u5f6d\u5b81\u987f\u5b64\u72ec\u75c7\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u53d1\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u00a0interpersonal<\/p>\n

\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u5b64\u72ec\u75c7\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u52a8\u673a\u5047\u8bbe<\/p>\n

\uff08\u56db\uff09\u5173\u952e\u53cd\u5e94\u8bad\u7ec3<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

\u7efc\u5408\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n

Complementary approach<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u60c5\u51b5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

ESDM\u5f15\u7528<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u4e39\u4f5b\u6a21\u5f0f<\/p>\n

Denver Model<\/p>\n

\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\u7269\uff1a<\/p>\n

Rogers and colleagues<\/p>\n

\u5f00\u59cb\u5e74\u4ee3\uff1a1981<\/a>[1]<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u4e00\u79cd\u4ee5\u53d1\u5c55\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u5b66\u9f84\u524d\u5b64\u72ec\u75c7\u513f\u7ae5\uff0824-60\u4e2a\u6708\uff09\u7684\u8bfe\u7a0b\u3002[1][5][6]<\/sup><\/p>\n

\u89c2\u70b9<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n

1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u5982\u4f55\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5b64\u72ec\u75c7\uff1a\u9996\u5148\u5c06\u5b64\u72ec\u75c7\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u53d1\u5c55\u793e\u4f1a-\u6c9f\u901a\u3002<\/p>\n

2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u8bfe\u7a0b\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\uff1a\u4e0e\u513f\u7ae5\u5efa\u7acb\u5bc6\u5207\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0e\u6c9f\u901a\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n

\u91cd\u70b9\u5f3a\u8c03<\/strong>\uff1a\u751f\u6d3b\u5316\u7684\u3001\u52a8\u6001\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u5305\u542b\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u60c5\u611f\uff0c\u5c06\u4f1a\u5f15\u9886\u513f\u7ae5\u5bfb\u627e\u793e\u4f1a\u4f19\u4f34\uff0c\u5e76\u53c2\u4e0e\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u7684\u6280\u672f<\/strong>\uff1a<\/a>\u611f\u89c9\u793e\u4f1a\u5e38\u89c4\uff08Sensory social routines\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u5927\u91cf\u5730\u4ece\u4e8b\u52a8\u6001\u7684\u4ea4\u6362\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u513f\u7ae5\u901a\u8fc7\u975e\u8a00\u8bed\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u8a00\u8bed\u6c9f\u901a\u5f15\u53d1\u5e76\u7ee7\u7eed\u7684\u4ea4\u6362\u3002\u5c06\u5728\u7b2c\u516d\u7ae0\u4e2d\u8be6\u7ec6\u5730\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u6b64\u5904\u7565\u3002<\/p>\n

\u591a\u5b66\u79d1\u5c0f\u7ec4\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong>\u2014\u2014\u88ab\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u513f\u7ae5\u5728\u6240\u6709\u9886\u57df\u90fd\u53d1\u80b2\u8fdf\u7f13\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u53d1\u80b2\u5927\u7eb2\uff08\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff09<\/strong>\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u513f\u7ae5\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u6240\u6709\u65b9\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u4e2a\u522b\u5316\u8bfe\u7a0b<\/strong>\u786e\u5b9a\u77ed\u671f\u53d1\u5c55\u76ee\u6807<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6559\u5b66\u5f62\u5f0f<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e2a\u522b\u548c\u5c0f\u7ec4\uff0c\u5bc6\u96c6\u6559\u5b66\uff0c\u8ddf\u968f\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u5f15\u5bfc\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u975e\u8a00\u8bed\u6c9f\u901a\u3001\u8ba4\u77e5\u548c\u6e38\u620f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e0e\u6559\u8bad<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528Denver\u6a21\u5f0f10\u5e74\uff0c\u7f57\u6770\u65af\u53ca\u5176\u540c\u4e8b\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u5c06\u5e74\u5e7c\u5b64\u72ec\u75c7\u513f\u7ae5\u533a\u522b\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u662f\u6a21\u4eff\u7684\u663e\u8457\u7f3a\u9677\u3002\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u5b64\u72ec\u75c7\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u63d0\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u5b64\u72ec\u75c7\u6a21\u4eff\u7814\u7a76\u4e5f\u975e\u5e38\u5c11\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c0f\u5b69\u5b50\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6a21\u4eff\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bfc\u81f4\u7f57\u6770\u65af\u53ca\u540c\u4e8b\u4eec\u6df1\u523b\u5730\u601d\u8003\u5728\u65e9\u671f\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u6a21\u4eff\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/a>Daniel Stern\uff081985\uff09<\/a><\/a><\/a>[7]<\/sup>\u3001Andrew Meltzoff<\/a><\/a>\uff08<\/a>Meltzoff & Moore\uff0c\u00a01977<\/a><\/a><\/a>[8]<\/sup>\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c31\u5a74\u513f\u671f\u793e\u4f1a-\u6c9f\u901a\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u6a21\u4eff\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5168\u9762\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u611f\u89c9\u793e\u4f1a\u5e38\u89c4\uff08Sensory social routines\uff09\uff0c\u662fESDM\u7684\u6838\u5fc3<\/p>\n

2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u5b66\u79d1\u95f4\u5c0f\u7ec4\uff1a\u5b9e\u65bd\u5305\u542b\u6240\u6709\u9886\u57df\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8bfe\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n

3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u5173\u6ce8\u4eba\u9645\u53c2\u4e0e<\/p>\n

4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u53d1\u5c55\u6d41\u7545\u7684\u3001\u4e92\u52a8\u548c\u81ea\u53d1\u7684\u6a21\u4eff\uff08\u80a2\u4f53\u52a8\u4f5c\u3001\u9762\u90e8\u52a8\u4f5c\u548c\u8868\u60c5\uff09<\/p>\n

5.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u5f3a\u8c03\u975e\u8a00\u8bed\u548c\u8a00\u8bed\u6c9f\u901a\u53d1\u5c55<\/p>\n

6.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u91cd\u70b9\u5173\u6ce8\u6e38\u620f\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5728\u52a8\u6001\u7684\u6e38\u620f\u5e38\u89c4\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\u5b9e\u65bd<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u5b64\u72ec\u75c7\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u53d1\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u00a0Model of interpersonal development in autism<\/p>\n

\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\u7269\uff1a<\/p>\n

Rogers & Pennington<\/p>\n

\u7f57\u6770\u65af\u548c\u5f6d\u5b81\u987f<\/p>\n

\u53d1\u8868\u5e74\u4ee3\uff1a1991<\/a><\/a>[2]<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u5b9a\u4f4d<\/strong>\uff1a\u5b64\u72ec\u75c7\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u63a2\u7d22\uff08Heuristic\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f3a\u70c8\u5730\u53d7\u5230\uff1aDaniel Stern\uff081985\uff09[7]<\/sup>\u4ee5\u53ca1970\u5e74\u4ee3\u548c1980\u5e74\u4ee3\u5a74\u513f\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5047\u8bbe<\/strong>\uff1a\u6a21\u4eff\u662f\u4ece\u51fa\u751f\u7684\u5a74\u513f\u5c31\u80fd\u591f\u5177\u5907\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u80fd\u529b\uff08Meltzoff & Moore\uff0c\u00a01977[8]<\/sup>\uff09\uff0c\u5b64\u72ec\u75c7\u4eba\u58eb\u4ece\u751f\u547d\u4e4b\u521d\u5c31\u51fa\u73b0\u6a21\u4eff\u53d7\u635f\uff0c\u8fd9\u59a8\u788d\u4e86\u8eab\u4f53\u540c\u6b65\u548c\u534f\u8c03\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u79cd\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5a74\u513f\u548c\u62a4\u7406\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u201c\u8c03\u9891\u201d\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u611f\u53d7\u548c\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6709\u4eba\u731c\u6d4b\u8fd9\u79cd\u540c\u6b65\u7684\u53d7\u635f\u5c06\u5f71\u54cd\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u60c5\u7eea\u534f\u8c03\u3002\u800c\u60c5\u7eea\u534f\u8c03\u53ef\u80fd\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u88ab\u5b64\u72ec\u75c7\u513f\u7ae5\u9762\u90e8\u60c5\u7eea\u7684\u975e\u6b63\u5e38\u8868\u8fbe\u6240\u5f71\u54cd\uff08<\/a><\/a>Yiriya\uff0cKasari\uff0cSigman\uff0c& Mundy\uff0c1989\uff09<\/a><\/a>[9]<\/sup>\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u53ef\u80fd\u963b\u6b62\u7236\u6bcd\u5bb9\u6613\u5730\u201c\u955c\u89c2\u201d\u5a74\u513f\u7684\u60c5\u7eea\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u5a74\u513f\u548c\u62a4\u7406\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fd9\u79cd\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u6a21\u4eff\u548c\u60c5\u611f\u5206\u4eab\u53d7\u635f\u4e3a\u5a74\u513f\u548c\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u53cc\u65b9\u7406\u89e3\u611f\u53d7\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5236\u9020\u4e86\u969c\u788d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7531\u4e8e\u540c\u6837\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e25\u91cd\u5730\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u5a74\u513f\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u6709\u610f\u56fe\u6c9f\u901a\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8bc1\u636e<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u635f\u5bb3\u5728\u5b64\u72ec\u75c7\u5b66\u6b65\u513f\u7ae5\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u4e3b\u89c2\u95f4\u53d1\u80b2\uff08<\/a><\/a>Intersubjective\u00a0development\uff09\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\uff0cStern\u63cf\u8ff0\uff1a\u8fdf\u7f13\u548c\u51cf\u5c11\u7684\u6a21\u4eff\u3001\u76f8\u4e92\u6ce8\u610f\u3001\u60c5\u611f\u5206\u4eab\u3001\u610f\u56fe\u6c9f\u901a\uff08<\/a><\/a>Rogers\uff0cHepburn\uff0cStackhouse\uff0c& Wehner\uff0c2003<\/a><\/a>[10]<\/sup>\uff1b<\/a><\/a>Charman et al., 1998<\/a><\/a>[11]<\/sup>\uff1bS<\/a><\/a>eibert\uff0cHogan\uff0c& Mundy\uff0c1982[12]<\/sup>\uff1b<\/a><\/a>Mundy\uff0cSigman\uff0c& Kasari,1990<\/a>[13]<\/sup>\uff1b<\/a><\/a>Kasari, Sigman, Mundy, & Yirmiya,1990[<\/sup><\/a><\/a>14]<\/sup>\uff1b<\/a><\/a>Wetherby & Prutting,1984[15]<\/sup>\uff1b<\/a>Uzgiris,1973<\/a><\/a><\/a>[16]<\/sup>\uff1b<\/a>Stone & Caro-Martinez, 1990[17]<\/sup>\uff1b<\/a><\/a>Stone\uff0cOusley\uff0cYoder\uff0cHogan & Hepburn\uff0c1997<\/a><\/a>[18]<\/sup>\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728Stern\uff081985\uff09\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff08\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\uff1a<\/a><\/a>Ainsworth\uff0cBlehar\uff0cWaters\uff0c\u00a0& Wall\uff0c1978[19]<\/sup>\uff1b<\/a>Carpenter & Tomasello\uff0c2000[20]<\/sup>\uff09\uff0c\u62a4\u7406\u8005\u7ed9\u4e88\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5e94\u662f\u6709\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u4e14\u662f\u654f\u611f\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4fc3\u8fdb\u53d1\u80b2\u6240\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

ESDM\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\uff1a<\/p>\n

1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u5f3a\u8c03\u793e\u4f1a-\u60c5\u7eea-\u6c9f\u901a\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff1b<\/p>\n

2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u5728\u60c5\u611f\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff1b<\/p>\n

3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u6709\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u654f\u611f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u5b64\u72ec\u75c7\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u52a8\u673a\u5047\u8bbe<\/p>\n

Disorder of social motivation<\/p>\n

\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\u7269\uff1a<\/p>\n

Dawson and colleagues<\/p>\n

\u5f00\u59cb\u5e74\u4ee3\uff1a2004<\/a>[3]<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u6240\u6709\u5e74\u9f84\u6bb5\u7684\u5b64\u72ec\u75c7\u8005\uff0c\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u6ce8\u610f\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u5e76\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u4ea4\u5f80\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u8f83\u5c11\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u6a21\u4eff\u548c\u76f8\u4e92\u6ce8\u610f\u7f3a\u9677\u4e4b\u524d\u5c31\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\uff0c\u540e\u4e24\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fa8\u522b\u5a74\u513f\u5b64\u72ec\u75c7\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5047\u8bbe<\/strong>\uff1aDawson\u53ca\u5176\u540c\u4e8b\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff08D<\/a><\/a>awson\uff0cWebb, et al., 2002[21]<\/sup>\uff1b<\/a><\/a>Dawson et al.,2004<\/a><\/a>[3]<\/sup>\uff1b<\/a><\/a>Dawson\uff0cWebb\uff0c\u00a0& Mcpartland\uff0c\u00a02005<\/a><\/a>[<\/sup>22]<\/sup>\uff09\uff1a\u5b64\u72ec\u75c7\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5305\u62ec\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u5e74\u5e7c\u513f\u7ae5\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u5956\u52b1\u7684\u654f\u611f\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u79cd\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\uff1a\u5b64\u72ec\u75c7\u5e74\u5e7c\u513f\u7ae5\u4e0d\u80fd\u6b63\u5e38\u5730\u504f\u7231\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5e76\u6d3b\u8dc3\u5730\u6ce8\u610f\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u80fd\u6d3b\u8dc3\u5730\u6ce8\u610f\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53c2\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u5c06\u5bfc\u81f4\u6a21\u4eff\u3001\u60c5\u611f\u5206\u4eab\u548c\u76f8\u4e92\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u635f\u5bb3\uff0c\u662f\u513f\u7ae5\u793e\u4f1a-\u60c5\u7eea\u548c\u6c9f\u901a\u6280\u80fd\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u969c\u788d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u4e00\uff1a\u5b64\u72ec\u75c7\u513f\u7ae5\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u8fdc\u79bb\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u8fdc\u79bb\u6240\u6709\u5173\u952e\u6027\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5b69\u5b50\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u843d\u540e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4e92\u52a8\u6280\u80fd\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u63a5\u89e6\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u5b66\u4e60\u73af\u5883\u6240\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u6b63\u5e38\u5a74\u513f\u3001\u5b66\u6b65\u513f\u7ae5\u548c\u5e74\u5e7c\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u6c89\u6d78\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u63d0\u8bae<\/strong>\uff1a\u8fd9\u79cd\u65e9\u671f\u53c2\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u73af\u5883\u7684\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6270\u4e71\u4e86\u5b64\u72ec\u75c7\u513f\u7ae5\u884c\u4e3a\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u611f\u77e5\u548c\u8868\u5f81\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u8bed\u8a00\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u5982\u4f55\u53d1\u80b2\u4e0e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\uff08<\/a><\/a>Dawson et al,.2005<\/a><\/a>[23]<\/sup>\uff1b<\/a><\/a>Dawson & Zanolli, 2003<\/a><\/a>[24]<\/sup>\uff09<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0ESDM\u4e5f\u53d7\u5230\u5b64\u72ec\u75c7\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u7279\u5f81\uff1a\u793e\u4f1a\u52a8\u673a\u635f\u5bb3\u6709\u5173\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5f3a\u70c8\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\u4e2d\u5df2\u7ecf\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fc7\u3002<\/p>\n

2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u5728ESDM\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u51e0\u79cd\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e39\u4f5b\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u793e\u4f1a\u6280\u672f\u4ee5\u53ca\u7531Kegel\u3001Schreibman\u53ca\u5176\u540c\u4e8b\uff08<\/a><\/a>Kogel & Kogel,1995<\/a><\/a>[25]<\/sup>\uff1b<\/a>Kogel\uff0c2000<\/a>[26]<\/sup>\uff1b<\/a>Schreibman\uff0c1988[27]<\/sup>\uff09\u53d1\u5c55\u7684PRT\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u589e\u52a0\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u5956\u52b1\u7684\u663e\u8457\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u513f\u7ae5\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u6ce8\u610f\u548c\u52a8\u673a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u5173\u952e\u53cd\u5e94\u8bad\u7ec3<\/p>\n

Pivotal Response Training\uff0cPRT<\/a>[4]<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u5b9a\u4e49<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e00\u79cd\u7531Schreibman\u548cKoegel\u53d1\u5c55\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u4f7f\u7528ABA\u539f\u7406\u7684\u6559\u6388\u5b64\u72ec\u75c7\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08<\/a><\/a>Schreibman & Pierce\uff0c1993<\/a><\/a>[<\/sup>28]<\/sup>\uff1bKogel & Kogel\uff0c1988<\/a><\/a>[29]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6700\u521d\u53d1\u8868\u6587\u732e\u7684\u65f6\u95f4<\/strong>\uff1a19\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\u3002<\/p>\n

PRT\u4e0e\u56de\u5408\u8bd5\u9a8c\u6559\u5b66\uff08Discrete Trial Teaching\uff0cDTT\uff1b1987\u5e74Lovaas\u53d1\u8868\u6587\u732e\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u00a0\uff09\u5177\u6709\u663e\u8457\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u5c06\u4f1a\u5728\u672c\u7ae0\u4e0b\u6587\u63cf\u8ff0\uff09\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5b83\u4eec\u4e24\u8005\u90fd\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u6838\u5fc3\u7684ABA\u6559\u5b66\u539f\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u7528<\/strong>\uff1a\u6700\u5927\u5316\u5730\u4fc3\u8fdb\u513f\u7ae5\u4e0e\u6210\u4eba\u8fdb\u884c\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53c2\u4e0e\u91cd\u590d\u6027\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u673a\u4f1a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u52a8\u673a\u548c\u6559\u5b66\u6280\u672f<\/strong>\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n

l\u00a0\u00a0\u5f3a\u5316\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u76f4\u63a5\u4e0e\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u548c\u53cd\u5e94\u76f8\u5173\uff1b<\/p>\n

l\u00a0\u00a0\u5c06\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u878d\u5165\u5230\u6559\u5b66\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\uff1b<\/p>\n

l\u00a0\u00a0\u4ea4\u66ff\u65b0\u65e7\u4efb\u52a1\uff08\u5df2\u7ecf\u638c\u63e1\u7684\u548c\u6b63\u5728\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\uff09\uff1b<\/p>\n

l\u00a0\u00a0\u6cbb\u7597\u5e08\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u5b69\u5b50\u5728\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u523b\u80fd\u591f\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u671f\u671b\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\uff1b<\/p>\n

l\u00a0\u00a0\u4f7f\u7528\u5bf9\u5b69\u5b50\u6709\u9ad8\u5ea6\u52a8\u673a\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\uff1b<\/p>\n

l\u00a0\u00a0\u5206\u4eab\u5bf9\u6750\u6599\u7684\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u4e0e\u513f\u7ae5\u8fdb\u884c\u4e92\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8bc4\u4ef7<\/strong>\uff1a\u5f53\u524d\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5177\u6709\u5b9e\u8bc1\u652f\u6301\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u57f9\u517b\u5b64\u72ec\u75c7\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u6c9f\u901a\u6280\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5177\u4f53\u4f5c\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n

l\u00a0\u00a0\u63d0\u9ad8\uff08Enhance\uff09\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u52a8\u673a\u3001\u81ea\u53d1\u6027\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u6a21\u4eff\uff1b<\/p>\n

l\u00a0\u00a0\u6539\u5584\uff08Improve\uff09\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u6539\u5584\u6301\u7eed\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u6cdb\u5316\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\uff1b<\/p>\n

l\u00a0\u00a0\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u975e\u671f\u671b\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u51cf\u5c11\u3002<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1. \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 PRT\u6280\u672f\u88ab\u878d\u5408\u5230ESDM\u4e2d\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6559\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u660e\u786e\u7684\u878d\u5408\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u6700\u521d\u7684\u4e39\u4f5b\u6a21\u5f0f\u548cESDM\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u9886\u57df\u3002<\/p>\n

2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u9488\u5bf9\u5b64\u72ec\u75c7\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u666e\u901a\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5373\uff1a\u65e9\u671f\u5b64\u72ec\u75c7\u59a8\u788d\u4e86\u5a74\u513f\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u4eba\u9645\u4f53\u9a8c\uff0c\u7ee7\u800c\u6210\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a-\u6c9f\u901a\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u963b\u788d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u963b\u788d\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u5bfc\u81f4\u513f\u7ae5\u7531\u4e8e\u5931\u53bb\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u4e60\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u6d41\u901d\u800c\u51fa\u73b0\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5927\u7684\u635f\u5bb3\u3002<\/p>\n

ESDM\u5e72\u9884\u8bd5\u56fe\u505c\u6b62\u8fd9\u79cd\u6076\u6027\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u589e\u52a0\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\uff1a<\/p>\n

l\u00a0\u00a0\u9192\u7740\uff0c\u5373\u8fdb\u5165\u534f\u8c03\u7684\u3001\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\uff1b<\/p>\n

l\u00a0\u00a0\u5bc6\u96c6\u6559\u5b66\uff08<\/a>Rogers, et al, 2000<\/a><\/a>[6]<\/sup>\uff09<\/p>\n

\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\uff1a<\/p>\n

[1]<\/sup>\u00a0Rogers, S. J., Herbison,J., Lewis , H., Pantone, J., & Reis, K.(1986). An approach for enhancing the symbolic, communicative, and interpersonal functioning of young children with autism and severe emotional handicaps.\u00a0<\/a><\/a><\/a><\/a><\/a><\/a>Journal of the Division of Early Children, 10,135-148;\u2014\u2014\u300a\u63d0\u9ad8\u5e74\u5e7c\u5b64\u72ec\u75c7\u53ca\u4e25\u91cd\u60c5\u7eea\u969c\u788d\u513f\u7ae5\u7b26\u53f7\u6c9f\u901a\u548c\u4eba\u9645\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u300b\u3002\u8fd9\u672c\u6742\u5fd7\u600e\u4e48\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u4e2d\u6587\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n

[2]<\/sup>\u00a0Rogers\uff0cS.J. & Pennington,B.F.(1991). A theoretical approach to the deficits in infantile autism. Development and Psychopathology, 3, 137-162.\u2014\u2014\u300a\u9488\u5bf9\u5a74\u513f\u5b64\u72ec\u75c7\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\u65b9\u6cd5\u300b\u3002\u53d1\u8868\u5728\u300a\u53d1\u80b2\u4e0e\u5fc3\u7406\u75c5\u7406\u5b66\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u3002<\/p>\n

[3]<\/sup>Dawson,G.,Toth,K., Abbort,R.,Osterling,J.,Munson.J. Estes,A., et al.(2004).Defining the early social attention impairments in autism\uff1aSocial orienting, joint attention, and responses to emotions. Developmental Psychology, 40(2),271-283.\u2014\u2014\u300a\u660e\u786e\u89e3\u91ca\u5b64\u72ec\u75c7\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u6ce8\u610f\u635f\u5bb3\uff1a\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u5b9a\u5411\u3001\u76f8\u4e92\u6ce8\u610f\u548c\u5bf9\u60c5\u7eea\u53cd\u5e94\u300b\uff0c\u53d1\u8868\u5728\u300a\u53d1\u80b2\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u3002<\/p>\n

[4]<\/sup>\u56fd\u5185\u8fd8\u6709\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4e13\u8457\uff0c\u4f46\u9ec4\u4f1f\u5408\u535a\u58eb\u66fe\u7ecf\u5728\u56fd\u5185\u4ee5\u6b64\u4e3a\u4e3b\u9898\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u591a\u6b21\u8bb2\u5ea7\u548c\u4e13\u9898\u57f9\u8bad\u3002\u5e94\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u8bb2\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n

[5]<\/sup>Rogers,S.J. & Lewis, H.(1989).An effective day treatment model for young children with pervasive developmental disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 28,207-214.\u2014\u2014\u300a\u5e74\u5e7c\u5b64\u72ec\u75c7\u8c31\u7cfb\u969c\u788d\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u6548\u7684\u65e5\u95f4\u6cbb\u7597\u6a21\u5f0f\u300b\uff0c\u53d1\u8868\u5728\u300a\u7f8e\u56fd\u513f\u7ae5\u548c\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u5b66\u5b66\u4f1a\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u3002<\/p>\n

[6<\/sup>Rogers,S.J.Hall, T., OSkai, D., Reaven.J., & Herbison, J.(2000). A comprehensive, integrated, educational approach to young children with autism and their families. In S.L.Harris & J.S.Handleman(Eds.),Preschool education programs for children with autism(2nd<\/sup>\u00a0ed.pp95-134).Austin,TX: Pro-Ed.\u2014\u2014\u300a\u5e74\u5e7c\u5b64\u72ec\u75c7\u513f\u7ae5\u548c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7efc\u5408\u3001\u878d\u5408\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u65b9\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u8282\u9009\u81ea\u300a\u5b64\u72ec\u75c7\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u5b66\u524d\u6559\u80b2\u8bfe\u7a0b\u300b\uff08\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7248\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

[7]<\/sup>\u00a0The Interpersonal World of the Infant<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0(1985) is one of the most prominent works of\u00a0psychoanalyst<\/a>\u00a0Daniel N. Stern<\/a>, in which he describes the\u00a0development<\/a>\u00a0of four interrelated\u00a0senses of self<\/a>.These senses of self develop over the lifespan, but make significant developmental strides during sensitive periods in the first two years of life. The mother or other primary\u00a0attachment<\/a>\u00a0figure plays a critical role in helping the infant with this developmental process.\u2014\u2014\u300a\u5a74\u513f\u7684\u4eba\u9645\u4e16\u754c\u300b\uff0c\u6b64\u8d44\u6599\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u3002\u672c\u4e66\u5e76\u672a\u63d0\u4f9b\u6587\u732e\u51fa\u5904\u3002<\/p>\n

[8]<\/sup>\u00a0Meltzoff,A., & Moore, M.K.( 1977). Imitation of facial and manual gestures by human neonates. Science, 198,75-78.\u2014\u2014\u300a\u4eba\u7c7b\u65b0\u751f\u513f\u9762\u90e8\u548c\u624b\u90e8\u52a8\u4f5c\u7684\u6a21\u4eff\u300b\uff0c\u53d1\u8868\u5728\u300a\u79d1\u5b66\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n

[9]<\/sup>\u00a0Yiriya\uff0cN., Kasari\uff0cC., Sigman, M., & Mundy, P. (1989). Facial expressions of affect in autistic, mentally retarded and normal children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 30, 725-735.\u2014\u2014\u300a\u5b64\u72ec\u75c7\u3001\u7cbe\u795e\u53d1\u80b2\u8fdf\u7f13\u548c\u6b63\u5e38\u513f\u7ae5\u60c5\u611f\u7684\u9762\u90e8\u8868\u8fbe\u300b\uff0c\u53d1\u8868\u5728\u300a\u513f\u7ae5\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u4e0e\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u5b66\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u3002<\/p>\n

[10]<\/sup>\u00a0Rogers\uff0cS.J., Hepburn, S.L.., Stackhouse, T., & Wehner, E. ( 2003). Imitation performance in toddlers with autism and those with other developmental disorders. The Journal of Children Psychology and Psychiatry and\u00a0<\/a>Allied Disciplines,44(5),763-781.\u2014\u2014\u300a\u5b64\u72ec\u75c7\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u53d1\u80b2\u969c\u788d\u5b66\u6b65\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u6a21\u4eff\u8868\u73b0\u300b\uff0c\u53d1\u8868\u5728\u300a\u513f\u7ae5\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u5b66\u53ca\u76f8\u5173\u5b66\u79d1\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u3002<\/p>\n

[11]<\/sup>\u00a0Charman T., Swettenham J., Balon-Cohen,S., Cox, A., Baird, G., & Drew, A.(1998). An experiment investigation of social-cognitive abilities in infants with autism: Clinical implications.<\/a>\u00a0<\/a>Infant Mental Health Journal,19(2),260-275.\u2014\u2014\u300a\u5b64\u72ec\u75c7\u5a74\u513f\u793e\u4f1a\uff0d\u8ba4\u77e5\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8c03\u67e5\uff1a\u4e34\u5e8a\u610f\u4e49\u300b\uff0c\u53d1\u8868\u5728\u300a\u5a74\u513f\u7cbe\u795e\u536b\u751f\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u3002<\/p>\n

[12]<\/sup>\u00a0Seibert, J., Hogan, a., & Mundy, p.(1982). Assessing social interactional competencies: The early social-communication scales. Infant Mental Health Journal,3,244-258.\u2014\u2014\u300a\u8bc4\u4f30\u793e\u4f1a\u4e92\u52a8\u80fd\u529b\uff1a\u65e9\u671f\u793e\u4f1a-\u6c9f\u901a\u91cf\u8868\u300b\uff0c\u53d1\u8868\u5728\u300a\u5a74\u513f\u7cbe\u795e\u536b\u751f\u300b\u6742\u5fd7<\/p>\n

[13]<\/sup>\u00a0Mundy, P., Sigman, M., & Kasari, C. (1990). A longitudinal study of joint attention and language development in autistic children.\u00a0<\/a><\/a>Journal of Autism and Development Disorders, 20,\u00a0115-128.\u2014\u2014\u300a\u5b64\u72ec\u75c7\u513f\u7ae5\u76f8\u4e92\u6ce8\u610f\u548c\u8bed\u8a00\u53d1\u53d1\u80b2\u7684\u7eb5\u5411\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c\u53d1\u8868\u5728\u300a\u5b64\u72ec\u75c7\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\u969c\u788d\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u3002<\/p>\n

[14]<\/sup>\u00a0Kasari, C., Sigman,M., Mundy, P., & Yirmiya, N.(1990). Affective sharing in the context of joint attention interactions with normal, autistic, and mentally retarded children.\u00a0<\/a>Journal of Autism and Development Disorders, 20,87-100.\u2014\u2014\u300a\u6b63\u5e38\u3001\u5b64\u72ec\u75c7\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u53d1\u80b2\u8fdf\u7f13\u513f\u7ae5\u76f8\u4e92\u6ce8\u610f\u3001\u4e92\u52a8\u60c5\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u5206\u4eab\u300b\uff0c\u53d1\u8868\u5728\u300a\u5b64\u72ec\u75c7\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\u969c\u788d\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u3002<\/p>\n

[15]<\/sup>\u00a0Wetherby, A. M., & Prutting, C.A.,(1984). Profiles of communicative and cognitive-social abilities in autistic children. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research,27, 364-377.\u2014\u2014\u300a\u5b64\u72ec\u75c7\u513f\u7ae5\u6c9f\u901a\u548c\u8ba4\u77e5-\u793e\u4f1a\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u5256\u9762\u56fe\u300b\uff0c\u53d1\u8868\u5728\u300a\u8a00\u8bed\u4e0e\u542c\u529b\u7814\u7a76\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u3002<\/p>\n

[16]<\/sup>\u00a0Uzgiris,I.C.(1973).Patterns of vocal and gestural imitation in infants. In L.J.Stone, H.T.Smith, & L.B.Murphy (Eds.), The competent infant ( pp.599\u2014604). New York: Basic Books.\u2014\u2014\u300a\u5a74\u513f\u53d1\u97f3\u4e0e\u80a2\u4f53\u52a8\u4f5c\u6a21\u4eff\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u300b\uff0c\u8282\u9009\u81ea\u300a\u80fd\u5e72\u7684\u5a74\u513f\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n

[17]<\/sup>\u00a0Stone, W. L.,\u00a0\u00a0& Caro-Martinez, L.M.(1990). Naturalistic observations of spontaneous communication in autistic children<\/a><\/a>. Journal of Autism and Development Disorders,\u00a020, 437-453.\u2014\u2014\u300a\u5b64\u72ec\u75c7\u513f\u7ae5\u81ea\u53d1\u6c9f\u901a\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u89c2\u5bdf\u300b\uff0c\u53d1\u8868\u5728\u300a\u5b64\u72ec\u75c7\u4e0e\u53d1\u80b2\u969c\u788d\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u3002<\/p>\n

[18]<\/sup>\u00a0Stone\uff0cW.L., Ousley, O.Y., Yoder, P.J., Hogan K.L., & Hepburn, S.L.(1997). Nonverbal communication in two-and three-year-old children with autism. Journal of Autism and Development Disorders, 27(6), 677-696.\u2014\u2014\u300a2-3\u5c81\u5b64\u72ec\u75c7\u513f\u7ae5\u975e\u8a00\u8bed\u6c9f\u901a\u300b\uff0c\u53d1\u8868\u5728\u300a\u5b64\u72ec\u75c7\u4e0e\u53d1\u80b2\u969c\u788d\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u3002<\/p>\n

[19]<\/sup>\u00a0Ainsworth, M.D..S, Blehar, M.C., Waters E., & Wall, S. (1978). Patterns of attachment. Hillsdale,NJ:Erlbaum.<\/p>\n

[20]<\/sup>\u00a0Carpenter M., & Tomasello, M., (2000). Joint attention ,cultural learning, and language acquisition: Implications for children with autism. In A.M. Wetherby & B.M. Prizant (Eds.),Autism spectrum disorders: A transactional development perspective(pp.31-45). Baltidomore: Brooks.\u2014\u2014\u300a\u76f8\u4e92\u6ce8\u610f\u3001\u6587\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u8bed\u8a00\u83b7\u5f97\uff1a\u5bf9\u5b64\u72ec\u75c7\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u300b\uff0c\u8282\u9009\u81ea\u300a\u5b64\u72ec\u75c7\u8c31\u7cfb\u969c\u788d\uff1a\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u53d1\u80b2\u89c2\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n

[21]<\/sup>\u00a0Dawson, G., Webb, S., Schellenberg,G.D., Dager, S., Friedman, S., Aylward, E., et al.(2002). Defining the broader phenotype of autism: Genetic, brain, and behavioral perspectives.\u00a0<\/a><\/a>Development and Psychopathology,\u00a014,581-611.\u2014\u2014\u300a\u660e\u786e\u63cf\u8ff0\u5b64\u72ec\u75c7\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u4e9a\u578b\uff1a\u57fa\u56e0\u3001\u8111\u6cb3\u884c\u4e3a\u89c2\u300b\uff0c\u53d1\u8868\u5728\u300a\u53d1\u80b2\u4e0e\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u75c5\u5b66\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u3002<\/p>\n

[22]<\/sup>\u00a0Dawson, G., Webb, S.J., & Mcpartland, J.( 2005). Understanding the nature of face processing impairment in autism: Insight from behavioral and electrophysiological studies. Developmental Neuropsychology.27,403-424.\u2014\u2014\u300a\u7406\u89e3\u5b64\u72ec\u75c7\u9762\u90e8\u5904\u7406\u635f\u5bb3\u7684\u672c\u8d28\uff1a\u6765\u81ea\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u7535\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u300b\uff0c\u53d1\u8868\u5728\u300a\u53d1\u80b2\u795e\u7ecf\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u3002<\/p>\n

[23]<\/sup>\u00a0Dawson G., Webb, S.J., Wijsman, E., Schellenberg, G., Estes, A., Munson,J., et al. (2005). Neurocognitive and electrophysiological for a model of abnormal development of social brain circuitry in autism. Development and Psychopathology, 17, 679-697.\u2014\u2014\u300a\u5b64\u72ec\u75c7\u793e\u4f1a\u8111\u901a\u8def\u5f02\u5e38\u53d1\u80b2\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u8ba4\u77e5\u4e0e\u7535\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u300b\uff0c\u53d1\u8868\u5728\u300a\u53d1\u80b2\u4e0e\u5fc3\u7406\u75c5\u7406\u5b66\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u3002<\/p>\n

[24]<\/sup>\u00a0Dawson, G., & Zanolli,K. (2003). Early intervention and brain plasticity in autism.\u00a0<\/a><\/a>Novartis\u00a0Foundation Symposium, 251,266-274.\u2014\u2014\u00a0\u300a\u65e9\u671f\u5e72\u9884\u4e0e\u5b64\u72ec\u75c7\u8111\u53ef\u5851\u6027\u300b\u3002\u6765\u81ea\u8bfa\u534e\u57fa\u91d1\u8bba\u575b\u3002<\/p>\n

[25]<\/sup>Kogel, R.L. & Kogel, L.K.(1995). Teaching children with autism: Strategies for initiating positive interactions and improving learning opportunities. Baltimore: Brooles.\u2014\u2014\u300a\u5b64\u72ec\u75c7\u513f\u7ae5\u6559\u5b66\uff1a\u53d1\u8d77\u79ef\u6781\u4e92\u52a8\u548c\u6539\u5584\u5b66\u4e60\u673a\u4f1a\u7684\u6280\u5de7\u300b\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u672c\u8457\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

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[28]<\/sup>\u00a0Schreibman, L. & Pierce, K.L.(1993). Achieving greater generalization of treatment effects in children with autism: Pivotal response training and self-management. Clinical Psychologist, 46(4),184-191.\u2014\u2014\u300a\u53d6\u5f97\u5b64\u72ec\u75c7\u513f\u7ae5\u6cbb\u7597\u6548\u679c\u7684\u66f4\u5927\u6cdb\u5316\uff1a\u5173\u952e\u53cd\u5e94\u8bad\u7ec3\u548c\u81ea\u6211\u7ba1\u7406\u300b\uff0c\u53d1\u8868\u5728\u300a\u4e34\u5e8a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u3002<\/p>\n

[29]<\/sup>Kogel\uff0cR & Kogel\uff0cL.K.(1988).Generalized responsivity and pivotal behavior. In R.H.Horner, G.Dunlap, & R.L.Kogel(Eds.),Generalization and maintenance: Lifestyle changes in applied settings( pp.44-46).Baltimore:Brooks.<\/p>\n

\u2014\u2014\u300a\u6cdb\u5316\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u4e0e\u5173\u952e\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u300b\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u300a\u6cdb\u5316\u4e0e\u7ef4\u6301\uff1a\u5728\u5b9e\u7528\u573a\u6240\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u98ce\u683c\u6539\u53d8\u300b\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\u3002<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff1ahttp:\/\/blog.sina.com.cn\/s\/blog_4e0e69080101feov.htmldesign your own wedding dress online free<\/a>pyadom.top<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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