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\u4f7f<\/p>\n
\u7528<\/p>\n
\u79ef<\/p>\n
\u6781<\/p>\n
\u7684<\/p>\n
\u60c5<\/p>\n
\u611f<\/td>\n
\u3010\u539f\u56e0\u3011<\/p>\n
\u5728ESDM\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u4ea4\u5f80\u4e2d\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e3a\u513f\u7ae5\u521b\u9020\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n
l\u00a0\u00a0\u60f3\u8981\u63d0\u9ad8\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u4ea4\u5f80\u7684\u5956\u52b1\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u8c03\u6574\u513f\u7ae5\u5bf9\u58f0\u97f3\u3001\u9762\u90e8\u548c\u773c\u775b\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
l\u00a0\u00a0\u521b\u9020\u8fd9\u6837\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u5e38\u89c4\u4e5f\u80fd\u591f\u5438\u5f15\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u793e\u4f1a\u6027-\u6c9f\u901a\u6846\u67b6\u5de5\u4f5c\uff08Frame-work\uff09\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n
l\u00a0\u00a0\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\u5df2\u7ecf\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff1a\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u5f53\u5b83\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u60c5\u611f\u4e30\u5bcc\u5e76\u4e14\u80fd\u591f\u4e0e\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u8fdb\u884c\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u60c5\u5883\u4e2d\u65f6\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u88ab\u4fc3\u8fdb\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/td>\n
\u3010\u624b\u6bb5\u3011<\/p>\n
\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n
l\u00a0\u00a0\u4f7f\u7528\u5341\u5206\u4ee4\u4eba\u6109\u5feb\u7684\u201c\u611f\u89c9\u793e\u4f1a\u5e38\u89c4\u201d\uff1b<\/p>\n
l\u00a0\u00a0\u5c06\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u653e\u5728\u52a8\u6001\u7684\u4f53\u9a8c\uff1b<\/p>\n
l\u00a0\u00a0\u4e5f\u4f7f\u7528\u513f\u7ae5\u9ad8\u5ea6\u559c\u7231\u7684\u7269\u54c1\u5e38\u89c4\uff0c\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u6216\u878d\u5165\u5230\u7a33\u56fa\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u548c\u6c9f\u901a\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n
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\u3010\u5fc3\u7406\u4e0e\u795e\u7ecf\u673a\u5236\u3011<\/p>\n
l\u00a0\u00a0\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5404\u79cd\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5728\u73a9\u800d\u7684\u3001\u5438\u5f15\u4eba\u7684\u4f53\u9a8c\u7684\u60c5\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u6559\u6388\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u548c\u8bed\u8a00\u6280\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n
l\u00a0\u00a0\u5f3a\u8c03\u79ef\u6781\u60c5\u611f\u4ee5\u53ca\u60c5\u611f\u548c\u5524\u9192\u5ea6\u7684\u8c03\u8c10\uff0c\u4ee5\u6700\u5927\u5316\u5730\u4fc3\u8fdb\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u53c2\u4e0e\u548c\u4ece\u4e8b\u76f4\u63a5\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u6fc0\u6d3b\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u8111\u53ca\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u9012\u8d28\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u548c\u6c9f\u901a\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n
l\u00a0\u00a0ESDM\u63d0\u9ad8\u513f\u7ae5\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u52a8\u673a\u201d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u523a\u6fc0\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u5956\u52b1\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff1a<\/p>\n
n\u00a0\u00a0\u201c\u559c\u6b22\u201d\u548c\u201c\u60f3\u8981\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u559c\u6b22\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u52a8\u673a\u8981\u83b7\u5f97\u5b83\u4eec\uff08\u60f3\u8981\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
n\u00a0\u00a0\u5b64\u72ec\u75c7\u513f\u7ae5\u8868\u73b0\uff1a\u67d0\u4e9b\u4f3c\u4e4e\u559c\u6b22\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u4ea4\u5f80\uff0c\u5728\u4ea4\u5f80\u4e2d\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u79ef\u6781\u5730\u53c2\u4e0e\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u597d\u50cf\u4e0d\u4e3b\u52a8\u5bfb\u6c42\uff1b\u67d0\u4e9b\u5373\u4e0d\u559c\u6b22\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u60f3\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n
n\u00a0\u00a0ESDM\u5f3a\u8c03\u201c\u559c\u6b22\u201d\u548c\u201c\u60f3\u8981\u201d\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\uff1a\u589e\u52a0\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u53c2\u4e0e\u7684\u5956\u52b1\u4ef7\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n
n\u00a0\u00a0\u3010\u5efa\u7acb\u559c\u6b22\u7684\u4e3e\u4f8b\u3011\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4ea4\u5f80\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6210\u4eba\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u5c06\u91cd\u70b9\u653e\u5728\u201c\u5bfb\u627e\u5fae\u7b11\u201d\u4e0a\uff0c\u5373\u53d1\u73b0\u4ee4\u4eba\u5b69\u5b50\u611f\u5230\u6109\u5feb\u7684\u6e90\u5934\u3002\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4f7f\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u53c2\u4e0e\u6210\u4e3a\u5956\u52b1\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fa\u6709\uff08intrinsic\uff09\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3010\u884c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5b66\u4e60\u539f\u7406\u3011\u5bf9\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u201c\u559c\u6b22\u201d\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u53c2\u4e0e\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u505a\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0e\u5b66\u4e60\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5efa\u7acb\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5efa\u7acb\u5956\u52b1\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u5373\u793e\u4f1a\u4f53\u9a8c\u4e0e\u975e\u793e\u4f1a\u5956\uff0c\u5982\u5404\u79cd\u7269\u54c1\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u5339\u914d\u989d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u793e\u4f1a\u4f53\u9a8c\u7684\u5956\u52b1\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u2014\u2014\u7ecf\u5178\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b66\u4e60\u8303\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3010\u5efa\u7acb\u60f3\u8981\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u3011\u5851\u9020\u5b69\u5b50\u81ea\u5df1\u81ea\u53d1\u7684\u65b9<\/p>\n
\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u83b7\u5f97\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u53ca\u975e\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u5956\u52b1\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u8981\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u9700\u8981\u63a7\u5236\u5b69\u5b50\u5bf9\u6e34\u671b\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u5956\u52b1\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4ea7\u751f\u201c\u9971\u538c\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e3a\u83b7\u5f97\u5956\u52b1\uff0c\u5b69\u5b50\u9700\u8981\u6709\u610f\u56fe\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u548c\u6c9f\u901a\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n
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\u3010\u590d\u6742\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0e\u591a\u79cd\u6280\u80fd\u3011<\/p>\n
l\u00a0\u00a0ESDM\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6559\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5173\u6ce8\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u523a\u6fc0-\u53cd\u5e94\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u67d0\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u65b0\u4e60\u60ef\u6240\u8981\u6c42\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e5f\u4fc3\u8fdb\u590d\u6742\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8303\u56f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u591a\u79cd\u6280\u80fd\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u591a\u4e2a\u8111\u533a\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u6d3b\u52a8\u534f\u8c03\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n
l\u00a0\u00a0ESDM\u4e2d\u7684\u6559\u5b66\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u60c5\u666f\u201d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u9879\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\u9488\u5bf9\u591a\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5728\u6559\u6388\u6982\u5ff5\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u6d89\u53ca\u60c5\u611f\u53c2\u4e0e\u3002<\/p>\n
l\u00a0\u00a0\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b9e\u8df5\u9010\u6e10\u5730\u589e\u52a0\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u8111\u533a\u7684\u66f4\u52a0\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u8fde\u7ed3\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/td>\n
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\u6e38<\/p>\n
\u620f<\/p>\n
\u4f5c<\/p>\n
\u4e3a<\/p>\n
\u5e72<\/p>\n
\u9884<\/p>\n
\u7684<\/p>\n
\u6846<\/p>\n
\u67b6<\/td>\n
\u3010\u76f8\u4e92\u6e38\u620f\u6d3b\u52a8\u3011<\/p>\n
l\u00a0\u00a0\u82f1\u6587\uff1aJoint activity routines<\/p>\n
l\u00a0\u00a0\u63d0\u51fa\u8005\u53ca\u5e74\u4efd\uff1aBruner,1977[1]<\/p>\n
l\u00a0\u00a0\u672c\u8d28\uff1a\u662f\u6e38\u620f\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u53c2\u4e0e\u53cc\u65b9\u90fd\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u90fd\u80fd\u505a\u51fa\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u3002<\/p>\n
l\u00a0\u00a0\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7269\u54c1\u548c\u6d3b\u52a8\uff1a\u662f\u8be5\u5e74\u9f84\u513f\u7ae5\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u5c31\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
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\u3010ESDM\u3011<\/p>\n
l\u00a0\u00a0\u76f8\u4e92\u6d3b\u52a8\u662f\u6559\u5b66\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n
l\u00a0\u00a0\u6559\u5b66\u878d\u5165\u5230\u60c5\u611f\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u6d3b\u52a8\u5e38\u89c4\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7269\u54c1\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u7269\u54c1\u3002<\/p>\n
l\u00a0\u00a0\u7279\u8272\uff1a\u6e38\u620f\u4ea4\u5f80\u4ee5\u513f\u7ae5\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u8ddf\u968f\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u513f\u7ae5\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u548c\u6750\u6599\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
l\u00a0\u00a0\u6210\u4eba\u89d2\u8272\uff1a\u5206\u4eab\u5bf9\u6e38\u620f\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u2014\u2014<\/p>\n
n\u00a0\u00a0\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u6839\u636e\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u4e3a\u513f\u7ae5\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u76ee\u6807<\/p>\n
n\u00a0\u00a0\u793a\u8303\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8<\/p>\n
n\u00a0\u00a0\u5f3a\u5316\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8<\/p>\n
n\u00a0\u00a0\u5982\u4f55\u5b89\u6392\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u987a\u5e8f<\/p>\n
l\u00a0\u00a0\u80fd\u591f\u6559\u6388\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u6280\u80fd\uff1a\u6240\u6709\u7684\uff1a<\/p>\n
n\u00a0\u00a0\u6a21\u4eff<\/p>\n
n\u00a0\u00a0\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u8868\u8fbe\u6027\u6c9f\u901a<\/p>\n
n\u00a0\u00a0\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0e\u8ba4\u77e5\u6280\u80fd<\/p>\n
n\u00a0\u00a0\u5efa\u6784\u4e0e\u8c61\u5f81\u6027\u6e38\u620f<\/p>\n
n\u00a0\u00a0\u7cbe\u7ec6\u4e0e\u7c97\u5927\u8fd0\u52a8<\/p>\n
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\u5bc6<\/p>\n
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\u5b66<\/td>\n
\u3010\u7406\u7531\u3011<\/p>\n
l\u00a0\u00a0\u4f5c\u8005\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\uff1a\u5b64\u72ec\u75c7\u53d1\u80b2\u8fdf\u7f13\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u5b66\u4e60\u673a\u4f1a\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u5bc6\u96c6\u7684\u6559\u5b66\u586b\u8865\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u201c\u7f3a\u53e3\u201d\uff1b<\/p>\n
l\u00a0\u00a0\u5bc6\u96c6\u6559\u5b66\u662f\u83b7\u5f97\u5feb\u901f\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u9014\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n
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\u3010\u9891\u7387\uff1a\u5bc6\u96c6\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6\u3011<\/p>\n
l\u00a0\u00a0\u5c06\u6559\u5b66\u7f16\u6392\u5230\u6bcf\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u4e92\u52a8\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u8d44\u683c\u7684ESDM\u6cbb\u7597\u5e08\u6bcf10\u79d2\u949f\u5c31\u80fd\u591f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b66\u4e60\u673a\u4f1a\u3002<\/p>\n
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\u3010\u7406\u8bba\u6839\u636e\u3011<\/p>\n
l\u00a0\u00a0\u6839\u636e\u5a74\u513f-\u5b66\u6b65\u513f\u7ae5\u4f53\u9a8c\uff08experience\uff09\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u513f\u7ae5\u53d1\u5c55\u6587\u732e\uff1a<\/p>\n
n\u00a0\u00a0\u5a74\u513f-\u5b66\u6b65\u513f\u7ae5\u4e0e\u62a4\u7406\u8005\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u62a4\u7406\u8005\u654f\u611f\uff0c\u53cd\u5e94\u5feb\uff0c\u8ddf\u968f\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u5f15\u5bfc\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u8bf1\u53d1\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u548c\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u4f1a\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u8bed\u8a00\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4e0e\u6210\u4eba\u548c\u540c\u4f34\u5efa\u7acb\u66f4\u52a0\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u52a0\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u52a8\u6027\uff0c\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u80fd\u591f\u66f4\u6709\u53cd\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n
n\u00a0\u00a0\u5a74\u513f-\u5b66\u6b65\u513f\u7ae5\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u9192\u7740\u65f6\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u65f6\u95f4\uff08\u6bcf\u546870\u5c0f\u65f6\uff09\u7528\u5728\u4e0e\u62a4\u7406\u8005\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u4ea4\u5f80\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n
n\u00a0\u00a0\u5265\u593a\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u663e\u8457\u5730\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6027-\u6c9f\u901a\u4f53\u9a8c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u8ba4\u77e5\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u5c06\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u7ec8\u751f\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n
n\u00a0\u00a0\u5728\u751f\u547d\u6700\u521d\u76845\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u663e\u8457\u5730\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8fd9\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u62a4\u7406\u4f53\u9a8c\uff0c\u5c06\u4f1a\u6301\u7eed\u5730\u5f71\u54cd\u53d1\u80b2\u3002<\/p>\n
l\u00a0\u00a0\u513f\u7ae5\u4ece\u4e0d\u4f1a\u505c\u6b62\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u513f\u7ae5\u65e9\u671f\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u6027-\u6c9f\u901a\u5b66\u4e60\u7279\u522b\u654f\u611f\u7684\u65f6\u671f\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n
l\u00a0\u00a0\u5982\u679c\u6b63\u5e38\u513f\u7ae5\u9700\u8981\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u4ea4\u5f80\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u201c\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u53d1\u80b2\u201d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5b64\u72ec\u75c7\u8c31\u7cfb\u969c\u788d\u7684\u5a74\u513f-\u5b66\u6b65\u513f\u7ae5\u81f3\u5c11\u9700\u8981\u8fd9\u6837\u591a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4ece\u4e8b\u4ea4\u5f80\u7684\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/td>\n
<\/p>\n
\u513f\u7ae5\u53d1\u5c55\u6587\u732e\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5177\u4f53\u6307\u51fa\u51fa\u5904\u3002\u53ef\u81ea\u884c\u67e5\u9605\uff0c\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u8d44\u6599\u4e5f\u975e\u5e38\u4e30\u5bcc\u3002<\/p>\n
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\u8fd9\u6837\u5f3a\u5ea6\u7684\u7ec3\u4e60\uff0c\u4eba\u529b\uff1f\u8d22\u529b\uff1f\u7269\u529b\uff1f\u2014\u2014\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u53d8\u6210\u4e00\u79cd\u7f8e\u4e3d\u7684\u7406\u60f3\uff01<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u5bf9<\/p>\n
\u4e8e<\/p>\n
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\u5e0c<\/p>\n
\u671b<\/p>\n
\u884c<\/p>\n
\u4e3a<\/p>\n
\u7684<\/p>\n
\u79ef<\/p>\n
\u6781<\/p>\n
\u884c<\/p>\n
\u4e3a<\/p>\n
\u65b9<\/p>\n
\u6cd5<\/td>\n
\u3010\u4e0d\u671f\u671b\u884c\u4e3a\u3011<\/p>\n
l\u00a0\u00a0\u82f1\u6587\uff1aUnwanted behavior<\/p>\n
l\u00a0\u00a0\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u653b\u51fb\u3001\u7834\u574f\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8fc7\u5ea6\u91cd\u590d<\/p>\n
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\u3010\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u539f\u7406\u3011<\/p>\n
l\u00a0\u00a0\u9075\u5faa\u79ef\u6781\u6027\u4e3a\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u539f\u7406\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\uff1aDuda, Dunlap, Fox, Lentini, & Clark, 2004[2];\u00a0Powell, Dunlap, & Fox, 2006[3]\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
l\u00a0\u00a0\u539f\u7406\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u66f4\u52a0\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u66ff\u4ee3\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ec5\u4ec5\u6d88\u9664\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u66ff\u4ee3\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u67d0\u4e2a\u6709\u610f\u56fe\u7684\u6c9f\u901a\u6216\u8005\u67d0\u4e2a\u66f4\u52a0\u6210\u719f\u7684\u6280\u80fd\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u9891\u7387\u8981\u8db3\u591f\u9ad8\u3002<\/p>\n
l\u00a0\u00a0\u6280\u672f\uff1a\u5f3a\u5316\u2014\u2014\u589e\u52a0\uff08\u4f20\u7edf\u800c\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u51cf\u5c11<\/p>\n
n\u00a0\u00a0\u6559\u6388\u66ff\u4ee3\u6216\u8005\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n
n\u00a0\u00a0\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5851\u9020<\/p>\n
<\/td>\n
\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e0e\u201c\u79ef\u6781\u884c\u4e3a\u652f\u6301\uff08Positive Behavior Support, PBS\uff09\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u5462\uff1f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
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\u5bb6<\/p>\n
\u5ead<\/p>\n
\u53c2<\/p>\n
\u4e0e<\/td>\n
\u8fd9\u4e00\u6761\uff0c\u5f88\u957f\uff0c\u67096\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7b2c\u4e00\u6bb5\uff1a\u9610\u8ff0\u7236\u6bcd\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u62a4\u7406\u8005\u53c2\u4e0e\uff08\u5b66\u4e60\u5982\u4f55\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u5728\u6bcf\u5929\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u4ea4\u5f80\uff0c\u5373\u7236\u6bcd\u83b7\u5f97\u4ea4\u5f80\u6280\u80fd\uff09\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u548c\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5b98\u65b9\u58f0\u97f3\uff1aNational Research Council\uff082001\uff09[4]\u2014\u2014\u5728\u5b64\u72ec\u75c7\u65e9\u671f\u5e72\u9884\u4e2d\uff0c\u7236\u6bcd\u548c\u5bb6\u5ead\u53c2\u4e0e\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u6700\u4f73\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7814\u7a76\u6587\u732e\uff1aSchreibman & Koegel\uff0c2005[5]\uff1bKogel, Bimbela & Schreibman,1996[6];\u00a0Harris, Wolchik, & Weitz, 1981[7]\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u3010ESDM\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u3011<\/p>\n
\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u6807\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u5728\u5bb6\u91cc\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u573a\u6240\u4e2d\u5efa\u7acb\u8fd9\u79cd\u4ea4\u5f80\u7684\u73af\u5883\u3002<\/p>\n
\u9488\u5bf9\u5bb6\u957f\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5c31\u662f\u6559\u6388\u7236\u6bcd\u672c\u4e66\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u4ea4\u5f80\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u53ca\u6301\u7eed\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/td>\n
<\/p>\n
\u5728\u672c\u90e8\u5206\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u6587\u732e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u8c28\u614e\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u9996\u5148\u8bb2\u8ff0\u7684\u662f\u7236\u6bcd\u5de5\u4f5c\u906d\u9047\u7684\u56f0\u96be\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u4e0d\u662f\u5355\u884c\u9053\uff0c\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u98ce\u683c\u3001\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u3001\u559c\u597d\u3001\u76ee\u6807\u548c\u68a6\u60f3\u5f71\u54cdESDM\u6cbb\u7597\u8ba1\u5212\u3002<\/p>\n
\u867d\u7136\u7236\u6bcd\u6559\u5e74\u5e7c\u7684\u5b64\u72ec\u75c7\u513f\u7ae5\u662f\u5b69\u5b50\u8fdb\u6b65\u6240\u5fc5\u987b\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b64\u72ec\u75c7\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u590d\u6742\u7684\u969c\u788d\uff0c\u7236\u6bcd\u4eec\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u6307\u5bfc\u3001\u652f\u6301\u548c\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002\u2014\u2014\u5176\u5b9e\u66f4\u60f3\u770b\u5230\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0e\u7236\u6bcd\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u673a\u5236\uff08\u5f62\u5f0f\u3001\u5185\u5bb9\u7b49\u7b49\uff09\u3002\u56fd\u5185\u4f17\u591a\u673a\u6784\u548c\u4f17\u591a\u8001\u5e08\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5bb6\u957f\u5de5\u4f5c\u90fd\u5934\u75bc\u4e0d\u5df2\uff01<\/p>\n
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\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u8bb2\u7236\u6bcd\u5982\u4f55\u53c2\u4e0e\uff0c\u662f\u5171\u540c\u6cbb\u7597\u5e08\uff1a<\/p>\n
l\u00a0\u00a0\u5f62\u6210\u4f18\u5148\u8003\u8651\u7684\u5e72\u9884<\/p>\n
l\u00a0\u00a0\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u5b9e\u65bd\u6559\u5b66\u8ba1\u5212<\/p>\n
l\u00a0\u00a0\u786e\u5b9a\u6bcf\u5929\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e2d\u7684\u5e38\u89c4\u548c\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\uff08\u6cdb\u5316\uff09\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b0\u7684\u6280\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n
l\u00a0\u00a0\u53c2\u4e0e\u6539\u53d8\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u8bc4\u4f30\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u5236\u5b9a\u6559\u6388\u66ff\u4ee3\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u5bb6\u91cc\uff0c\u5728\u5b69\u5b50\u6bcf\u5929\u9192\u7740\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u4efd\u8ba1\u5212\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u6700\u540e\u63d0\u51fa\u7236\u6bcd\u6bcf\u5929\u53c2\u4e0e\u5e72\u9884\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff1a<\/p>\n
l\u00a0\u00a0\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bb6\u5ead\u5404\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5dee\u5f02\u8f83\u5927\uff1b<\/p>\n
l\u00a0\u00a0ESDM\u5efa\u8bae\uff1a\u6bcf\u59291-2\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\uff1b<\/p>\n
l\u00a0\u00a0\u878d\u5165\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\uff1a\u5403\u996d\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u6e38\u620f\u3001\u5916\u51fa\u3001\u7a7f\u7740\u3001\u5982\u5395\u3001\u6d17\u6fa1\u548c\u5165\u7761\u3002<\/p>\n
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\u7236\u6bcd\u6559\u517b\u6d3b\u52a8\u4f5c\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n
l\u00a0\u00a0\u5f71\u54cd\u513f\u7ae5\u8bed\u8a00\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u548c\u8d28\u91cf\uff1b<\/p>\n
l\u00a0\u00a0\u5f71\u54cd\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u5b66\u6821\u8fdb\u5c55\u60c5\u51b5\uff1b<\/p>\n
l\u00a0\u00a0\u5f71\u54cd\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u60c5\u7eea\u53d1\u5c55<\/p>\n
l\u00a0\u00a0\u5f71\u54cd\u4ed6\u4eec\u91cd\u8981\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\uff1a\u53cb\u8c0a\u3001\u5c06\u6765\u8c08\u60c5\u8bf4\u7231\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5f71\u54cd\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0e\u81ea\u5df1\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u517b\u80b2\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7236\u6bcd\u7684\u6559\u517b\u98ce\u683c\u5f71\u54cd\u513f\u7ae5\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f71\u54cd\u4eba\u4e00\u8f88\u5b50\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\uff1aSteele & Steele\uff0c1994[9]\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u7b2c\u56db\u6bb5\uff0c\u8bf4\u5728\u5f88\u957f\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u4eec\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6b63\u5e38\u513f\u7ae5\u548c\u7236\u6bcd\u7684\u6559\u517b\u60c5\u51b5\u5bf9\u4e8e\u662f\u5426\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5b64\u72ec\u75c7\u513f\u7ae5\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6d89\u53ca\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u635f\u5bb3\u5c06\u4f1a\u906d\u9047\u5230\u6559\u517b\u98ce\u683c\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u5dee\u5f02\u3002<\/p>\n
\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u663e\u793a\uff1a\u4e24\u8005\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u2014\u2014\u5b58\u5728\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u5b64\u72ec\u75c7\u513f\u7ae5\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f9d\u604b\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u5728\u51e0\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5b89\u5168\u611f\u4e0e\u7236\u6bcd\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u654f\u611f\u5730\u505a\u51fa\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u76f8\u5173\u3002\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\uff1aRogers & Pennington,1999[10]\uff1bOzonoff, & Masliin-Cole, 1993[11]\uff1bSigman & Ungerer, 1984[12]\uff1bSigman & Mundy,1989[13]\uff1bCapps ,Sigman, & Mundy,1994[14]\uff1b\u53e6\u53ef\u53c2\u89c1IJzendoorn et al., 2007[15]\uff0c\u67e5\u770b\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
\u67d0\u4e9b\u8bc1\u636e\u663e\u793a\uff1a\u5728\u6bd4\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u5b64\u72ec\u75c7\u8c31\u7cfb\u969c\u788d\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u53d1\u73b0\u5b58\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08Orsmond, Seltzer, Greenberg, & Krauss,2006[16];\u00a0Bauminger et al., in review[17]\uff09\uff1b\u5bf9\u7236\u6bcd\u7684\u4f9d\u604b\u5b89\u5168\u5f71\u54cd\u53cb\u8c0a\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e0e\u6b63\u5e38\u53d1\u80b2\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u4f5c\u7528\u4e00\u6837\uff08Bauminger et al.,2008[18]\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6709\u4e09\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bc1\u660e\uff1a\u7236\u6bcd\u6c9f\u901a\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u662f\u8ddf\u968f\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u5f15\u5bfc\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u5f15\u5bfc\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\uff0c\u5bf9\u5b64\u72ec\u75c7\u8c31\u7cfb\u969c\u788d\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u53d1\u5c55\u5728\u5f88\u957f\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u671f\u91cc\u5177\u6709\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff08Siller & Sigman,2002[19];\u00a0Mahoney, Wheedenm, & Perales, 2004[20]\uff09\uff0c\u6b63\u5e38\u53d1\u80b2\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002<\/p>\n
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\u7b2c\u4e94\u6bb5\uff0c\u5f88\u957f\u5f88\u957f\uff0c\u5148\u4ece\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u4eb2\u5b50\u4e92\u52a8\u5f00\u59cb\u8bf4\u8d77\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u65b0\u8bc1\u636e\u663e\u793a\uff1a\u7236\u6bcd\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u6c9f\u901a\u548c\u5174\u8da3\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u201c\u8c03\u9891\u201d\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u654f\u611f\u6027\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u513f\u7ae5\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u5982\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u8ba4\u77e5\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\u5c06\u52a0\u901f\uff08Mahoney\u3000&\u3000Perales[21], 2005;\u00a0Drew et al.,2002[22];Vismara & Rogers,2008[23]\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
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\u8fd9\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff1a\u5b64\u72ec\u75c7\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\u654f\u611f\u6027\u6216\u8005\u53cd\u5e94\u6027\u4f4e\u3002<\/p>\n
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\u975e\u5e38\u80af\u5b9a\uff1a\u4e0d\u662f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8bc1\u636e\uff1a\u8bb8\u591a\u7814\u7a76\u5df2\u7ecf\u56de\u7b54\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u90fd\u53d1\u73b0\u5b64\u72ec\u75c7\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u4ea4\u5f80\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7236\u6bcd\u548c\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u4ea4\u5f80\u975e\u5e38\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002\uff08IJzendoorn et al., 2007[15];\u00a0Capps et al., 1994[14];\u00a0Kasari, Sigman, & Yirmiya, 1993[24]\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
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\u5b64\u72ec\u75c7\u513f\u7ae5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u7ec4\uff0c\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0e\u7236\u6bcd\u4ea4\u5f80\u5b58\u5728\u5dee\u5f02\uff1a\uff08Kasari\uff0cSigman\uff0c\u00a0Yirmiya\uff0c& Mundy\uff0c1994[25]\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n
l\u00a0\u00a0\u5e74\u5e7c\u7684\u5b64\u72ec\u75c7\u513f\u7ae5\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u4e3b\u52a8\u53d1\u8d77\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7236\u6bcd\u7684\u4ea4\u5f80\u3002<\/p>\n
l\u00a0\u00a0\u4ed6\u4eec\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u4e0d\u5411\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\u8fdb\u884c\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u6c9f\u901a\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u548c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\u5206\u4eab\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u3002<\/p>\n
l\u00a0\u00a0\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u8138\u4e0a\u6216\u8eab\u4f53\u4e0a\u660e\u786e\u5730\u8868\u8fbe\u60c5\u611f\u7684\u9891\u7387\u8f83\u4f4e\u3002<\/p>\n
l\u00a0\u00a0\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u80a2\u4f53\u52a8\u4f5c\u53d1\u5c55\u7f13\u6162\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6c9f\u901a\u624b\u6bb5\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u4f1a\u9891\u7e41\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u4eec\u548c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\u5206\u4eab\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002<\/p>\n
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l\u00a0\u00a0\u620f\u5267\u6027\u589e\u52a0\u513f\u7ae5\u4e3b\u52a8\u548c\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u2014\u2014\u513f\u7ae5\u53d1\u8d77\u7ebf\u7d22\u2014\u2014\u5c31\u5728\u513f\u7ae5\u53d1\u8d77\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff1b<\/p>\n
l\u00a0\u00a0\u5851\u9020\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ebf\u7d22\u5230\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6c9f\u901a\u4e2d\uff0c\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u8ba4\u77e5\u3002<\/p>\n
l\u00a0\u00a0\u5e2e\u52a9\u7236\u6bcd\u53d1\u73b0\u5e76\u9605\u8bfb\u5f53\u4e0b\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6a21\u7cca\u7ebf\u7d22\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u7236\u6bcd\u80fd\u591f\u654f\u611f\u5730\u505a\u51fa\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5e76\u5f3a\u5316\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u6c9f\u901a\u3002<\/p>\n
l\u00a0\u00a0\u5e2e\u52a9\u7236\u6bcd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5e38\u5e38\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4ea4\u5f80\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ea4\u5f80\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u800c\u5f3a\u5316\u4ed6\u4eec\u3002<\/p>\n
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\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\uff1a<\/p>\n
<\/a>[1]<\/sup> <\/a><\/a>Bruner, J. S. (1977). Early social interaction and language acquisition. In H.R. Schaffer (Ed.),\u00a0 [2]<\/sup> Duda, M.A., Dunlap, G., Fox, L., Lentini, R., & Clarke, S. (2004). An experimental evaluation of positive behavior support in a community preschool program. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education, 24, 143-155.\u2014\u2014\u300a\u4e00\u9879\u793e\u533a\u5b66\u9f84\u524d\u9879\u76ee\u79ef\u6781\u884c\u4e3a\u652f\u6301\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bc4\u4f30\u300b\uff0c\u53d1\u8868\u5728\u300a\u513f\u7ae5\u65e9\u671f\u7279\u6b8a\u6559\u80b2\u8bba\u9898\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u3002<\/p>\n [3]<\/sup> Powell, D., Dunlap, G., & Fox, L. (2006). Prevention and intervention for the challenging behaviors of toddlers and preschoolers.\u00a0 [4]<\/sup> National Research Council<\/cite> \uff082001\uff09.<\/a> <\/a>Committee on Educational Interventions for Children with Autism<\/b>\uff1a<\/b>Educating children with autism.<\/sup>\u2014\u2014\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u7814\u7a76\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff0c\u5b64\u72ec\u75c7\u513f\u7ae5\u6559\u80b2\u5e72\u9884\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7f16\u8f91\u300a\u5b64\u72ec\u75c7\u513f\u7ae5\u6559\u80b2\u300b\u3002\u67e5\u770b\u8be6\u7ec6\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0e\u8d2d\u4e70<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n [5]<\/sup> Schreibman, L., & Koegel, R. L. (2005). Training for parents of children with autism: Pivotal responses, generalization, and individualization of interventions. In E. D. Hibbs & P. S. Jensen (Eds.), Psychosocial treatment for child and adolescent disorders: Empirically based strategies for clinical practice (2nd Edition) (pp. 605-631). Washington, D. C.: American Psychological Association.\u2014\u2014\u300a\u5b64\u72ec\u75c7\u513f\u7ae5\u7236\u6bcd\u57f9\u8bad\uff1a\u5173\u952e\u53cd\u5e94\u3001\u6cdb\u5316\u4e0e\u4e2a\u522b\u5316\u5e72\u9884\u300b\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\uff1a\u300a\u513f\u7ae5\u4e0e\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u671f\u969c\u788d\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u793e\u4f1a\u6cbb\u7597\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u4e34\u5e8a\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u4ee5\u5b9e\u8bc1\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u6280\u672f\u300b\u3002\u662f\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\u3002<\/p>\n [6] Koegel, R.L., Bimbela,A.& Scheibman, L. (1996). Collatoral effects of parent training on family interactions.<\/p>\n Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 26(3), 347-359.\u2014\u2014\u300a\u57f9\u8bad\u7236\u6bcd\u5bf9\u5bb6\u5ead\u4ea4\u5f80\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u6548\u679c\u300b\uff0c\u53d1\u8868\u5728\u300a\u5b64\u72ec\u75c7\u4e0e\u53d1\u80b2\u969c\u788d\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u3002<\/p>\n [7]<\/sup> Harris, S. L., Wolchik, S. A., & Weitz, S. (1981). The acquisition of language skills by autistic children: can parents do the job? J Autism Dev Disord, 11(4), 373-384.\u2014\u2014\u300a\u5b64\u72ec\u75c7\u513f\u7ae5\u8bed\u8a00\u6280\u80fd\u7684\u83b7\u5f97\uff1a\u7236\u6bcd\u80fd\u591f\u80dc\u4efb\u8fd9\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\u5417\uff1f\u300b\uff0c\u53d1\u8868\u5728\u300a\u5b64\u72ec\u75c7\u4e0e\u53d1\u80b2\u969c\u788d\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u3002<\/p>\n [8]<\/sup> Tamis-LeMonda, C. S., Bornstein, M. H., & Baumwell, L. (2001). Maternal Responsiveness and Children\u2019s Achievement of Language Milestones. Child Development, 72 (3), 748-767.\u2014\u2014<\/cite>\u300a\u6bcd\u4eb2\u53cd\u5e94\u6027\u4e0e\u513f\u7ae5\u8bed\u8a00\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u7684\u83b7\u5f97\u300b\uff0c\u53d1\u8868\u5728\u300a\u513f\u7ae5\u53d1\u80b2\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u3002<\/cite><\/p>\n [9]<\/sup> Steele, H., & Steele, M.\uff081994\uff09Intergenerational patterns of attachment. In Bartholomew, Kim (Ed); Perlman, Daniel (Ed), (1994).\u00a0 [10]<\/sup> Rogers, S.J., & Pennington, B.F. (1991). A theoretical approach to the deficits in infantile autism.<\/a> Development and Psychopathology,<\/em> 3, 137-162. \u2014\u2014\u5168\u6587\u9605\u8bfb<\/a>\uff1b\u300a\u9488\u5bf9\u5a74\u513f\u5b64\u72ec\u75c7\u7f3a\u9677\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\u65b9\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u53d1\u8868\u5728\u300a\u53d1\u80b2\u4e0e\u5fc3\u7406\u75c5\u7406\u5b66\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u3002<\/p>\n [11]<\/sup> Ozonoff, & Masliin-Cole, 1993\uff1b\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u201cReference\u201d\u4e2d\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u6b64\u6761\u3002<\/p>\n \u5728Ozonoff\u7684\u7b80\u5386\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u6307\u7684\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u3002<\/p>\n Rogers, S.J., Ozonoff, S., & Maslin-Cole, C. (1993). Developmental aspects of attachment behavior in young children with pervasive developmental disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 32, 1274-1282.\u2014\u2014\u300a\u5e74\u5e7c\u5b64\u72ec\u75c7\u8c31\u7cfb\u969c\u788d\u513f\u7ae5\u4f9d\u604b\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u53d1\u80b2\u60c5\u51b5\u300b\uff0c<\/a><\/a>\u53d1\u8868\u5728\u300a\u7f8e\u56fd\u513f\u7ae5\u4e0e\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u5b66\u5b66\u4f1a\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u3002<\/p>\n [12]<\/sup> Sigman, M., & Ungerer, J. A. (1984). Cognitive and language skills in autistic, mentally retarded, and normal children. Developmental Psychology, 20, 293\u2013302.\u2014\u2014\u300a\u5b64\u72ec\u75c7\u3001\u7cbe\u795e\u53d1\u80b2\u8fdf\u7f13\u4e0e\u6b63\u5e38\u513f\u7ae5\u8ba4\u77e5\u4e0e\u8bed\u8a00\u6280\u80fd\u300b\uff0c\u53d1\u8868\u5728\u300a\u53d1\u80b2\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n [13]<\/sup> Sigman, M., & Mundy, P. (1989). Social attachments in autistic children. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 28, 74\u201381.\u2014\u2014\u300a\u5b64\u72ec\u75c7\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u4f9d\u604b\u300b\uff0c\u53d1\u8868\u5728\u300a\u7f8e\u56fd\u513f\u7ae5\u4e0e\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u5b66\u5b66\u4f1a\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u3002<\/p>\n [14]<\/sup> Capps, L., Sigman, M., & Mundy, P. (1994). Attachment security in children with autism. Development and Psychopathology, 6,249\u2013261.\u2014\u2014\u300a\u5b64\u72ec\u75c7\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u4f9d\u604b\u300b\uff0c\u53d1\u8868\u5728\u300a\u53d1\u80b2\u4e0e\u5fc3\u7406\u75c5\u7406\u5b66\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u3002<\/p>\n [15]<\/sup> Van IJzendoorn, M.H., Rutgers, A.H., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M.J., Van Daalen, E., Dietz, C., Buitelaar, J.K., Swinkels, S.H.N., Naber, F.B.A. & Van Engeland, H. (2007). 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Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, Vol 61(3), Jun 1993, 475-484.\u00a0 [25]<\/sup> Kasari\uff0cSigman\uff0c Yirmiya\uff0c& Mundy\uff0c1994<\/p>\n \u4e66\u4e2d\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e74\u4efd\u662f94\u5e74\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u7f51\u4e0a\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u7684\u662f93\u5e74\u300294\u5e74\u6709\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u3002<\/p>\n <\/a><\/a>Kasari, C., Sigman, M., Yirmiya, N., & Mundy, P., Affective development in children with autism, in A.P. Kaiser & D.B. Bray (Eds) Enhancing children’s communication: Research foundations for intervention, New York: Brookes, 201-222, 1993.\u2014\u2014\u300a\u5b64\u72ec\u75c7\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u53d1\u80b2\u300b\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u300a\u63d0\u9ad8\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u6c9f\u901a\uff1a\u5e72\u9884\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u57fa\u7840\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n Kasari, C., Sigman, M., & Yirmiya, N., Focused and social attention in caregiver-child interactions: A comparison of autistic, mentally retarded and nonretarded children, Development and Psychopathology, 5, 403-414, 1994\u2014\u2014\u300a\u62a4\u7406\u8005\u4e0e\u513f\u7ae5\u5e72\u9884\u7684\u7126\u70b9\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u5b64\u72ec\u75c7\u3001\u7cbe\u795e\u53d1\u80b2\u8fdf\u7f13\u548c\u975e\u8fdf\u7f13\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u300b\uff0c\u53d1\u8868\u5728\u300a\u53d1\u80b2\u4e0e\u5fc3\u7406\u75c5\u7406\u5b66\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u3002<\/p>\n \u00a0 \u8865\u5145\u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599\uff1a<\/b><\/p>\n \u00a0
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